無(wú)鉛含鎳銅-鋼雙金屬軸承材料的摩擦學(xué)特性

無(wú)鉛含鎳銅-鋼雙金屬軸承材料的摩擦學(xué)特性Tribological performance of lead-free Ni-contained copper-steel bimetal bearing materials

采用常規(guī)粉末冶金方法制備無(wú)鉛含鎳(CuNi9Sn6)銅-鋼雙金屬軸承材料，在HDM-20端面摩擦磨損試驗(yàn)機(jī)上進(jìn)行油潤(rùn)滑條件下的摩擦磨損試驗(yàn)，在全酸價(jià)(KOH)為1.185×10-3的CD15W-40劣化潤(rùn)滑油中進(jìn)行腐蝕試驗(yàn)，分析其摩擦學(xué)特性及耐腐蝕性，并與兩種典型的銅鉛軸承材料(CuPb10Sn10、CuPb24Sn1)的性能進(jìn)行對(duì)比。結(jié)果表明：無(wú)鉛含鎳銅基軸承材料在低載、潤(rùn)滑良好情況下與銅鉛材料一樣都表現(xiàn)出較好的摩擦學(xué)特性，但因其不含軟質(zhì)減摩相，在高載、潤(rùn)滑不良情況下較易發(fā)生粘著破壞，承載能力不如兩種銅鉛軸承材料；在劣化油腐蝕過(guò)程中，無(wú)鉛含鎳銅基軸承材料表面粘附形成了一層具有保護(hù)性質(zhì)的氧化物膜，阻礙材料進(jìn)一步發(fā)生腐蝕變質(zhì)，耐腐蝕性較好，摩擦磨損性能下降較少。兩種銅鉛軸承材料中鉛組元不斷受到劣化油的腐蝕溶析，耐腐蝕性較差，摩擦磨損特性有較大程度的減弱。

Lead-free Ni-contained copper-steel bimetal bearing material (CuNi9Sn6) was prepared by powder metallurgy method, its friction and wear tests were conducted by using the HDM-20 tribometer under oil lubrication condition, the corrosion resistance test was carried out under the deteriorated lubricating oil of CD15W-40 which total acid value reached 1.185×10-3 (KOH). The tribological and corrosion resistance properties were compared with those of the typical copper-lead bearing materials (CuPb10Sn10, CuPb24Sn1). The results show that the tribological properties of lead-free copper-nickel bearing material are close to those of the typical copper-lead bearing materials under the condition of low load and abundant lubrication. However, it does not include soft antifriction phase, the friction pair is prone to adhesion failure when under high load and poor lubrication conditions. And its load carrying capacity is lower than two copper-lead bearing materials. In the process of deteriorated lubricating oil corrosion, the surface of lead-free Ni-contained copper based bearing material forms a layer of protective oxide film which can prevent matrix further destruction. So, it has better corrosion resistance, the friction and wear properties decrease less. The corrosion resistance of two typical copper-lead bearing materials are worse due to the lead element is selectively corroded and dissolved, so, the tribological characteristics are greatly weakened.

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