316L不銹鋼的三維晶粒與晶界形貌特征及尺寸分布

316L不銹鋼的三維晶粒與晶界形貌特征及尺寸分布Morphological Characteristics and Size Distributions of Three-dimensional Grains and Grain Boundaries in 316L Stainless Steel

使用連續(xù)截面法結合電子背散射衍射技術(3D-EBSD)研究了316L不銹鋼的三維顯微組織，重點分析了晶粒和晶界的三維形貌特征及各特征參數(shù)的分布規(guī)律，包括晶粒尺寸、晶粒表面積、晶粒的晶界面數(shù)、晶界尺寸和晶粒的平均晶界尺寸，并統(tǒng)計分析了各特征參數(shù)之間的關系。結果表明：316L不銹鋼的三維晶粒和三維晶界的形貌特征參數(shù)均服從對數(shù)正態(tài)分布，各參數(shù)與晶粒尺寸之間的關系符合冪函數(shù)。另外，由于存在大量孿晶，造成316L不銹鋼的三維晶粒形貌十分復雜，且尺寸越大的晶粒形貌越復雜，晶界面數(shù)越多，表面積越大，與等軸晶的偏離也越大。

Three-dimensional characterization of grains and grain boundaries is significant to study the microstructure of polycrystalline materials, and is the key to advance the subject of Three-dimensional Materials Science (3DMS). In this work, the technique of serial sectioning by mechanical polishing coupled with electron backscatter diffraction mapping (3D-EBSD) was used to measure the microstructure of a 316L stainless steel in 3D. Volume of the collected 3D-EBSD microstructure is 600 μm × 600 μm × 257.5 μm, which is quite large to study the 3D microstructure of structural materials with conventional grain size (20~60μm). Dream3D and in-house developed Matlab programs were used to process the 3D-EBSD data, and subsequently ParaView was used to visualize the grains and grain boundaries in 3D. Combined usage of these tools and in-house programs make the possibility that not only 3D grains but also 3D grain boundaries can be studied in both morphology and quantification. In total, 1840 grains and 9177 grain boundaries are included in the measured 3D-EBSD microstructure. The 3D morphological characteristics and size distributions of grains and grain boundaries in the 316L stainless steel were investigated, including 3D grain size, grain surface area, boundary quantity per grain, grain boundary size and the average boundary size per grain, as well as relationships between these morphological parameters were discussed. Results showed that distributions of all of these morphological parameters of 3D grains and grain boundaries in the polycrystalline 316L steel can be well represented by log-normal distribution, and all relationships of these parameters versus grain size can be well represented by power function. Additionally, the 3D morphology of most grains in the 316L stainless steel deviate from the ideal equiaxed grain, having complex shapes due to existing of twins, such as semi-sphere shaped, plate shaped and some very complex grains. In many way, the larger grains have more complex morphology with greater number of faces, larger surface area and larger deviation from equiaxed grains.

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