船用螺旋槳材料鎳鋁青銅的熱處理強(qiáng)化

船用螺旋槳材料鎳鋁青銅的熱處理強(qiáng)化Heat treatment strengthening of nickel-aluminum bronze alloy for marine propeller

采用OM、SEM、EDS、拉伸測試、疲勞裂紋擴(kuò)展測試、電化學(xué)腐蝕測試等研究退火、正火和固溶時效處理對鎳鋁青銅合金的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)、力學(xué)性能以及電化學(xué)腐蝕行為的影響。結(jié)果表明：675 ℃退火可以消除β′相，顯著提高材料的塑性和耐蝕性，但強(qiáng)度稍微降低。固溶時效處理試樣強(qiáng)度最高(812 MPa)，但伸長率只有2.9%，且腐蝕阻抗最低。適當(dāng)?shù)卣鹛幚砜梢蕴岣卟牧系木C合力學(xué)性能，同時不降低材料的耐蝕性能。鎳鋁青銅在空氣中的疲勞裂紋擴(kuò)展速率由高至低的順序依次為鑄態(tài)、固溶時效態(tài)、正火態(tài)。鑄態(tài)試樣的疲勞裂紋主要沿著α相和κⅢ相界面擴(kuò)展，正火態(tài)試樣的裂紋一般穿越α晶粒擴(kuò)展，而固溶時效試樣的裂紋既在α相內(nèi)又在α相和κ相的界面間擴(kuò)展。

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties, as well as the electrochemical corrosion behavior of nickel-aluminum bronze alloy was investigated by OM, SEM, EDS, tensile, fatigue crack growth and electrochemical corrosion tests. The heat treatment processes include annealing, normalizing, and aging. The results show that annealing at 675 ℃ could eliminate the β′ phase, which remarkably improves the plasticity and corrosion resistance of the alloy, while its strength degrades slightly. The aged sample demonstrates the highest tensile strength (812 MPa), but its elongation is only 2.9%, and the corrosion resistance diminishes greatly. The experimental alloy normalized properly could possess good combinations of strength and toughness, and its noncorrodibility keeps good. Fatigue cracks in as-cast sample prefer to propagate through α and κ phase interface. However, the fatigue cracks in normalized alloy mainly propagate through the ductile α grain, and have the lowest crack growth rate. For the aged sample, crack extends through α and κ interface, as well as in α grain.

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