金屬材料在三亞海水中的腐蝕電位序及合金成分對(duì)耐蝕性的影響

金屬材料在三亞海水中的腐蝕電位序及合金成分對(duì)耐蝕性的影響Galvanic Series of Metals and Effect of Alloy Compositions on Corrosion Resistance in Sanya Seawater

對(duì)36種金屬材料在三亞海水中的腐蝕電位序、腐蝕電位對(duì)潮汐變化的響應(yīng)以及不同金屬合金元素成分對(duì)耐三亞海水環(huán)境腐蝕的作用進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明，三亞海水環(huán)境中金屬材料腐蝕電位的穩(wěn)定區(qū)間較大，腐蝕電位序從高到低為：鎳基合金、雙相不銹鋼、奧氏體不銹鋼和紫銅、鐵素體不銹鋼、馬氏體不銹鋼、銅合金、低合金鋼、碳鋼、鑄鐵、鋁合金和鋁陽極。碳鋼電位隨潮汐變化的波動(dòng)在動(dòng)力學(xué)控制下，高潮位時(shí)腐蝕電位較負(fù)；在擴(kuò)散作用控制下，高潮位時(shí)腐蝕電位較正。金屬腐蝕電位在海水中的波動(dòng)體現(xiàn)了腐蝕產(chǎn)物膜對(duì)擴(kuò)散控制下的腐蝕具有阻礙作用。在三亞海水環(huán)境中，低C和高合金元素含量的碳鋼對(duì)氧擴(kuò)散抑制作用較好。奧氏體不銹鋼的腐蝕電位隨潮汐變化的波動(dòng)遠(yuǎn)小于鐵素體不銹鋼和馬氏體不銹鋼，浸泡2700h后，含Mo的奧氏體不銹鋼和馬氏體不銹鋼有較為穩(wěn)定的腐蝕電位，腐蝕產(chǎn)物膜具有較好的保護(hù)性。鋁陽極在三亞海水環(huán)境中的腐蝕電位隨海水高含氧量時(shí)間的增加而上升，含Ga和高Zn含量的鋁陽極材料的腐蝕電位較為穩(wěn)定。Al青銅和T2紫銅在三亞海水環(huán)境中有較穩(wěn)定的腐蝕電位，并且有較好的耐蝕性。

With the development of ocean engineering, various metallic materials have been applied to the marine environment. It is an urgent requirement to study the galvanic series and alloy composition optimization of metallic materials in the tropical marine environment. In this paper, open circuit potentials (OCP) and galvanic series of 36 kinds of metallic materials in Sanya seawater were studied. By considering the response of OCP to tidal changes, the anti-corrosion effects of alloying elements were also analyzed. The results show that the OCP of metallic materials in Sanya seawater has a large range. The galvanic series order of metallic materials from high to low in Sanya seawater is: nickel alloy, duplex stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel and pure copper, ferritic stainless steel, martensitic stainless steel, copper alloy, low alloy steel, carbon steel, cast iron, aluminum alloy and aluminum anode. Low-carbon high-alloy content carbon steel and high Cr, Ni content stainless steel have higher OCP. The potential fluctuations of carbon steel with tidal changes involves two phases:1) under the dynamics control, the OCP of carbon steel is more negative at high tide; 2) under the diffusion control, the OCP is more positive at high tide. The potential fluctuations of metallic materials reflect the effect of the corrosion product film on the change of ionization balance, and metal with less potential fluctuations have better inhibition on ion diffusion. In Sanya seawater, the carbon steel, which has more alloying content and less carbon content, has less potential fluctuations with the tidal changes and has good oxygen diffusion resistance. The potential fluctuations of austenitic stainless steel with tidal changes are less than that of ferritic stainless steel and martensitic stainless steel. After 2700 h immersion, austenitic stainless steel and martensitic stainless steel, which have a higher content of Mo, have more stable OCP. In other words, the corrosion film gets a better corrosion resistance. The OCP of aluminum anode in Sanya seawater environment increases when the oxygen content is brought up. The OCP of Zn-containing or Ga-containing aluminum anode remains relatively stable. Al bronze and T2 copper have less potential fluctuations with tidal changes, and perform good corrosion resistance in Sanya seawater.

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