GH536高溫合金選區(qū)激光熔化溫度場(chǎng)和殘余應(yīng)力研究

GH536高溫合金選區(qū)激光熔化溫度場(chǎng)和殘余應(yīng)力研究FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF THE TEMPERATURE FIELD AND RESIDUAL STRESS IN SELECTIVE LASER MELTING PROCESS

選區(qū)激光熔化（SLM）過(guò)程中熔池區(qū)域經(jīng)歷復(fù)雜快速溫度和應(yīng)力變化，了解這些變化過(guò)程可更好的控制成型參數(shù)和零件質(zhì)量。本文計(jì)算了GH536高溫合金SLM過(guò)程中熔池區(qū)域的溫度場(chǎng)變化和凝固后殘余應(yīng)力分布。計(jì)算采用復(fù)合高斯熱源研究激光光學(xué)穿透深度的影響規(guī)律，通過(guò)研究材料屬性隨溫度的變化關(guān)系實(shí)現(xiàn)粉層、熔池及固態(tài)金屬的轉(zhuǎn)化。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明高斯熱源模型能夠較好的模擬SLM過(guò)程中的溫度場(chǎng)分布以及凝固后的殘余應(yīng)力。模擬結(jié)果顯示：隨著激光功率的增大，熔池寬度、深度和長(zhǎng)度均相應(yīng)增大，凝固速率減??；隨著掃描速度增大，熔池寬度和深度減小，長(zhǎng)度不變，凝固速度增大。凝固后的零件表面存在較大的拉應(yīng)力，隨著深度增大，拉應(yīng)力迅速減小變?yōu)閴簯?yīng)力。

In the aerospace industry, due to the increasing hardness and tensile strength of nickel-based superalloys, the traditional manufacturing methods are difficult to produce, which limits the freedom of part design and process. Selective laser melting (SLM) have great potential in this field with its additive manufacturing concept and full melting during the process. Although the dense part can be easily obtained in SLM, the residual stresses and micro-cracks in the machining process still affect the dimensional accuracy and reliability of the parts. In SLM process, rapid and complex changes of temperature and stress are observed in the vicinity of the molten pool. Understanding these changes will help improve the quality of the process. In this paper, a finite element model (FEM) is established to calculate the temperature and residual stress distribution near the weld pool during the SLM of Hastelloy X superalloy. The model uses a composite Gauss heat source to consider the influence of optical penetration depth, and implements the transformation of powder, molten pool and solid metal by changing the material properties with temperature. Comparison with the test results shows that the model can simulate the distribution of temperature field and the residual stress in SLM process well. The simulation results show that with the increase of laser power, the width, length and depth of melting pool were enlarged, the cooling rate decreases; with the increase of the scanning speed, the width and depth of melting pool decreases, the length remained unchanged, the cooling rate increase. After cooling, there is a large tensile stress on the surface of the model. As the depth increases, the tensile stress decreases rapidly and eventually become compressive stress.

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